Virginia Via Research Day Book 2026

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15 INCIDENCE OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND PREECLAMPSIA AMONG PREGNANT INDIVIDUALS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A COHORT STUDY USING THE ALL OF US RESEARCH PROGRAM

Colleen Valentine, MSc, OMS-II; Lauren Hughes, MSc, OMS-II; Paushaly Sau, MSc, OMS-II; Anita Register, MD Corresponding author: cvalentine@vcom.edu

VCOM-Virginia, Blacksburg, Virginia

45 years were excluded. Condition-level data were extracted and collapsed to the patient level using unique person identifiers. Binary variables were created to indicate the presence or absence of each diagnosis, and participants were assigned to cohorts based on predefined diagnostic combinations. Contingency tables were constructed comparing pregnant individuals with and without PCOS for the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Chi-square analyses were performed using a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Statistical analyses were conducted using RStudio and Microsoft Excel. Results: Pregnant individuals with PCOS demonstrated a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia compared with those without PCOS. The combined outcome of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia could not be analyzed due to database requirements requiring cohort sizes of at least twenty participants, as one comparison group contained only eleven individuals. Chi-square analyses revealed statistically significant associations between PCOS status and both gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia (p < 0.05 for each outcome). These findings are consistent with prior literature identifying PCOS as an independent risk factor for metabolic and hypertensive complications during pregnancy.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting individuals of reproductive age and is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. These pathophysiologic features have been linked to an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia. Despite existing evidence identifying PCOS as a risk factor for pregnancy complications, variability remains in early risk stratification and prenatal monitoring practices. Objective and/or Hypothesis: This study aimed to determine whether pregnant individuals with PCOS have a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, or both conditions compared with pregnant individuals without PCOS. We hypothesized that PCOS is associated with a significantly increased likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the All of Us Research Program database. Pregnancy-related cohorts were constructed using OMOP Common Data Model condition concept identifiers for pregnancy, PCOS, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preeclampsia. Individuals older than

Conclusion(s): This study demonstrates that pregnant individuals with PCOS have a significantly higher prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia compared with those without PCOS. The statistically significant associations observed support rejection of the null hypothesis and reinforce PCOS as an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of early identification of PCOS in pregnancy and support enhanced prenatal surveillance strategies for this population. IRB Statement: This study was conducted using data from the All of Us Research Program, which was considered waived by the institutional review board since it does not include Human Subject data. Secondary data analysis was performed in accordance with All of Us research policies.

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186 Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)