Virginia Research Day 2022

Medical Resident Research Cl inical

02 Select Nutritional Deficiencies Among Patients With Diabetes In Southwestern Virginia

Katherine Mustafa, DO; Andrew Behnke, MD, FACE; Jarrod Uhrig, DO, Katherine Jones, Rd, CDCES Corresponding author: kemustafa@carilionclinic.org

Virginia Tech Carilion; Carilion Clinic

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes is high in the southeastern and Appalachian regions of the country, including Virginia. In Roanoke County, an estimated 11.6 % of the population is diagnosed with the disease compared to the national average of 9.1%. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) has shown to reduce HgbA1c levels in persons with diabetes up to 2% and is more effective than most medications. Despite the known importance of MNT, the macro and micronutrient distribution of diets is not well established in those with diabetes. Although patients and providers are overall focused on carbohydrate intake for glycemic control, other nutrients such as magnesium and fiber may also impact diabetes. Previous studies have shown that magnesium deficiency is associated with development of type 2 diabetes and is common in those with poor glycemic control. Increased dietary fiber intake has also been long implicated in improved glycemic control. Despite this data, intake of both fiber and magnesium among

Results: The dietary nutritional content of our participants with diabetes did not meet RDA guidelines with no significant age or sex differences between groups. Total calories were 2314 for men and 1862 for women. Carbohydrate intake exceeded the ADA recommended amount in 83 % of men (218 g/d) and 67 % of women (196 g/d) (p<0.01). In addition, 83% of men and 76% of women did not meet recommended magnesium intake, averaging 314 mg/d for men (p<0.05) and 264 mg/d for women (p<0.01). Finally, 100% of men and 90% of women did not meet reference fiber intake, averaging 19 g/d for men (p<0.01) and 14 g/d for women. (p<0.01). Conclusion: Patients with diabetes in southwest Virginia had excess carbohydrate and inadequate fiber and magnesium intake based on self-reported intake compared to RDA guidelines. Results help highlight dietary needs for patients. Future investigations could focus on dietary interventions to prevent diabetes or improve glycemic control.

people with diabetes within the United States remains inadequate. Our study provides data on the dietary intake of several macro and micronutrients including carbohydrates, magnesium, and fiber among adults with diabetes within southwestern Virginia. Methods: 33 adult volunteers (21 women, 12 men) with diabetes living within southwestern Virginia electronically recorded their food intake over 24 hours via access to the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24®) dietary assessment tool. A $25 gift card was provided upon completion of the survey. Macro and micronutrient intakes were calculated with reference intakes provided by Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) guidelines and divided by sex and age group. The lowest reference intake was used to calculate pooled comparison for all ages by gender. P-values were calculated using one-sample t tests comparing sample averages with reference values. Logistic Regressions were used to evaluate the effect of age and sex on outcome.

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2 0 2 2 R e s e a r c h R e c o g n i t i o n D a y