Louisiana Research Day Program Book 2025

Anatomy and Epidemiology

Anatomy and Epidemiology

Minali Nemani, OMS-IV; Emma Barham, OMS-III; Julieanne P. Sees, DO, MBA, FAOAO, FAOA, FAAOS 1 VCOM, Louisiana 49 MAKING THE CUT: A SIX-YEAR BONE-AFIDE MEMBERSHIP TREND FROM STUDENT TO SURGEON

Dr. Gwenn Jackson, MD 1 ; Heather Andrieux, OMS-IV 1 ; Jourdan Blair, OMS-III 1 ; Maya Boyd, OMS-III 1 1 VCOM-Louisiana 50 BARRIERS TO MATERNAL VACCINATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: Mentorship and early exposure vary greatly from school to school for osteopathic medical students. Historically, allopathic medical students have matched at a higher rate for competitive surgical specialties, like orthopedic surgery, compared to osteopathic medical students. The unique position of medical student interest organizations in filling those gaps and their related outcomes, including successful residency acceptance, is unknown. Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether membership in the Student Section of the American Osteopathic Academy of Orthopedics (SAOAO) plays a role in osteopathic medical student match success in orthopedic surgery residency programs. Methods: This comprehensive observational study was conducted using six years of all public resident data collected from residency program websites and affiliated social media accounts of 200 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited orthopedic surgery residency training programs and was cross-referenced to the National SAOAO membership directory for the 2019-2024 match

cycles, as of August 2024. Data analysis of the 5112 data points was conducted using a two proportion z-test with significance set at a p-value of less than 0.05. Dataset normality is assumed based on the Central Limit Theorem. Results: In the 2024 orthopedic surgery match cycle, the data demonstrated 51.8% of matched osteopathic medical students were members of SAOAO, a statistically significant increase compared to previous years of 2019, 28.3%; 2020, 22.3%; 2021, 20.3%; 2022, 41.2%; and 2023, 19.4%. The change over 2019-2024 revealed a positive correlation with SAOAO membership in the orthopedic residency match results. There was a statistically significant increase in female osteopathic residents matching into orthopedic surgery between 2019 and 2024. Among the male osteopathic residents, the percentage of residents with prior SAOAO membership significantly increased from 22.1% in 2019 to 51.2% in 2024. SAOAO membership representation among female residents experienced a statistically significant decrease in 2020 and an increase in 2024. Also in 2024, 25.4% of matched SAOAO members were female. Broken down by gender, the male

match rate was 56.3% and the female match rate was 60.0%. From 2018-2019 to 2023-2024, the SAOAO executive board experienced a statistically significant increase in representation of female board members of 12.5% (one of eight) to 62.5% (five of eight), respectively. Conclusions: Our study trending six years of osteopathic orthopedic surgical match results from 200 ACGME residency programs indicates that over time SAOAO membership has had increased success with osteopathic medical students matching into orthopedic surgery residency programs. Looking at the increased match rates for those on the SAOAO executive board, leadership could be an important factor to consider in applicants. Additionally, SAOAO has been shown to provide an avenue for supporting and showcasing future female osteopathic orthopedic surgeons. Furthermore, continuing with this holistic approach of student engagement, education, and mentorship, future studies are planned to continue tracking trends including characteristics and activities that may provide valuable insight for career success with membership in surgical, medical, and professional academies and associations.

Background: Based on the CDC’s adult immunization schedule and its evidence of benefit, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) care guidelines recommend maternal vaccination for seasonal flu, COVID-19, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis booster (TDaP), and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (1,2,3). Maternal vaccinations have been shown to play a crucial role in protecting both the mother and neonate from preventable diseases while also promoting public health by decreasing the burden of communicable diseases (4). Despite these recommendations, in Louisiana, prenatal clinics across the state often fail to administer the recommended vaccinations. Previous research suggests that this shortfall might be attributed to difficulties healthcare providers and obstetric patients face related to vaccination. Objective: The goal of this study is to examine the various immunization-related barriers faced by healthcare providers thereby affecting obstetric patients, focusing specifically on healthcare management issues influencing vaccination access in rural clinics.

Methods: The literature was reviewed to identify healthcare management barriers to immunization programs, including financial, regulatory, and operational issues. This review includes the relevant coding and reimbursement of vaccine administration in rural Louisiana Medicaid obstetrical clinics. The search included published, English-language scholarly literature identifying clinical or provider barriers to maternal vaccinations. The studies were then reviewed and analyzed using an inductive qualitative approach. Results: A total of 35 studies were evaluated in our literature review. Based on the conclusions of these studies, many of the same barriers to providing or receiving vaccination are being faced by populations of healthcare providers and obstetric patients. These include, for healthcare providers, the cost and lack of reimbursement for the provision of routine vaccinations, limited staff training in vaccine administration, the inability to correctly store vaccines in their clinics, and the lack of reimbursement for the time of counseling should the patient refuse vaccination. For patients, common barriers include the absence of a provider recommendation, lack of immediate access to vaccinations, safety concerns for themselves or

their fetus, and a general lack of knowledge about the benefits of vaccination for both mother and fetus. Notably, throughout our literature review, no study mentioned these barriers impacting RhoGAM immunization. Conclusions: With the data obtained from this review, it can be ascertained that future efforts to address the clinical barriers of maternal immunization should focus on established vaccinations as well as newer immunizations such as the RSV vaccine. Further research should be done to determine if there are similar barriers to RhoGAM administration. Understanding the lack of information regarding barriers to RhoGAM immunization might help identify interventions to increase the rates of maternal immunization. References: 1. CDC (2024). Adult Immunization Schedule by Age. 2. CDC (2024). Guidelines for vaccinating pregnant persons. 3.Cleveland Clinic (2024). Vaccinations During Pregnancy: What You Need and What To Avoid. 4.Bergin,N (2018). Maternal Vaccination as an Essential Component of Life-Course Immunization and Its Contribution to Preventive Neonatology.

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2025 Research Recognition Day