Auburn Research Day 2022

Sandra Edwards Perry, PharmD Candidate 2023; Marilyn N. Bulloch, PharmD, BCPS, FCCM Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy 36 Educa t i ona l Resea rch | Gr adua te / Undergr adua te St udent Female First and Senior Authorship in Emergency Medicine Publishing

Purpose: The number of females working in healthcare is growing. According to the U.S. Labor Force Statistics from 2020, women make up just over 74% of healthcare practitioners in the United States. However, this statistic is not represented in publishing. The objective of this study was to evaluate female first and senior authorship in emergency medicine journals. Methods: Scimago Institutions Rankings (SJR), an online rank system, was utilized to identify and sort the top 10 emergency medicine journals by impact factor as 2019. The Table of Contents for each journal was evaluated for every issue published 2020-2021. Articles were excluded if they were corrections to existing articles, or meeting abstracts. Articles that met study criteria were evaluated to determine if the junior and/or senior author. For articles with a female senior author, credentials of the senior author and whether the authors received funding for the study were also evaluated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: 1,593 articles were evaluated; 49.6% had a female first and/or senior author. Of these, 30% of articles had female first authors and 20% had female senior authors and 5.6% had both. The most common type of article was original research (72.6%); followed by review articles (7.5%); followed by brief research (6.6%); followed by case reports 4.4%; followed by commentary (1.9%); followed by letters to the editor, editorials, and educational advances (1.6%); followed by practice innovations (0.6%); followed by systems of medicine, erratum, notes from the field, guidelines, and short communications (0.3%). Of the articles with senior female authors, 25% declared funding. The most common credentials of senior authors were MD (63.6%) and the second most common was PhD (24.7%). Conclusion: While women make up approximately 74% of healthcare practitioners, only 49.6% of articles published in the top 10 Emergency Medicine Journals in 2020 and 2021 were female first or senior authors. The majority of the articles were original research. It is unclear why the amount of female authorship is disproportionally low. Further evaluation is needed to determine the low rates of and how to increase female authorship in medical literature.

Abigail M. Bogard 1 ; Joshua S. Godwin 2 ; Kyra S. Lowery 1 ; Tyler M. Martinez 1 ; Michael D. Goodlett 1,3 ; Joseph L. Edison 1,3 ; Michael D. Roberts 1,2 ; Kaelin C. Young 1,2 Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn; 2 School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn; 3 Athletics Department, Auburn University Cl i n i ca l Resea rch | Gr adua te / Undergr adua te St udent Ultrasound Echo-Intensity Does Not Correlate to Muscular Strength Outcome Following 10 Weeks of Resistance Training 37

A major component of muscle quality is muscular strength. Recently, ultrasound echo-intensity has become a popular surrogate measurement for tracking changes in muscle quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if changes in ultrasound echo-intensity correlates to changes in muscular strength following 10-weeks of progressive resistance training in college-aged females. Methods: 34 untrained college females (age; 21 ± 2.1, BMI; 23.37 ± 3.36) participated in 10 weeks of resistance training. Prior to the first training bout and 72 hours following the last bout all participants completed ultrasound imaging and isokinetic dynamometry. Ultrasonography images were obtained from the vastus lateralis of right leg in the sagittal plane with a b-mode imaging device (LOGIQ S7 Expert, GE Healthcare, USA). Settings were kept consistent across all participants (Depth: 5.0 cm, Frequency: 12MHz, Gain: 55 dB, Dynamic Range: 72) and the same technician performed all scans. Test-retest reliability for ultrasound (ICC3,1 = 0.996; SEM = 4.14; MD = 11.47 AU) was previously determined. Following ultrasound imaging, participants performed maximal right leg extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer (System 4 Pro, BioDex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA). Peak extensor torque (60o/sec and 120o/sec) was then measured as the highest of five maximal extension attempts. Ultrasound images were analyzed using ImageJ software (version 1.51, National Institutes of Health). Statistics were performed in SPSS v26.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Paired samples t-tests were performed on all variables to compare pre to post changes and Pearson R correlation coefficients

were used for determining correlations between echo-intensity and strength variables. All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Following 10-weeks of resistance training, echo-intensity significantly decreased (-9.88 ± 18.33 AU, p = 0.003), leg press significantly increased (84.99 ± 30.15 kg, p < 0.001), bench press significantly increased (7.78 kg ± 3.28 kg, p < 0.001), deadlift significantly increased (24.41 ± 12.71 kg, p < 0.001), isokinetic knee extensions at 60°/sec did not significantly change (9.38 ± 30.20 N/M, p = 0.079), and isokinetic knee extension at 120°/sec significantly increased (12.85 ± 23.09 N/M. p = 0.0026). Pearson R correlation coefficients between echo-intensity and leg press were significant when comparing change scores (r = 0.395, p = 0.021) but not significant when comparing percent change scores (r = -0.181, p = 0.306). Correlation between echo-intensity and bench press, deadlift, and isokinetic knee extension at both speeds was not significant for change scores (r = 0.247 p = 0.163, r = 0.188 p = 0.297, r = -0.08 p = 0.652, r = -0.161 p = 0.362; respectively) or percent change (r = 0.067 p = 0.706, r = -0.045 p = 0.798, r = -0.111 p = 0.533, r = -0.154 p = 0.384; respectively). Conclusions: Given the findings of the current study, changes in ultrasound echo-intensity does not correlate to changes in muscular strength following 10-weeks of resistance training in college-aged females. Ultrasound echo-intensity should be used with caution when using the measurement to track changes in muscle quality.

23 2022 Via Research Recognit ion Day